(pulled from celica-gts.com)
Toyota Differential Codes
The following is a table of Toyota differential codes. These codes are applicable to all Toyota models and years. You will find this code on the VIN plate in your car, typically on the firewall.
The code is comprised of four digits. The first digit is a letter that represents the ring gear diameter. The second and third digits are numbers that represent the differential ratio (Number of driveshaft rotations for each axel rotation). Lastly the fourth digit is also a number that represents the number of pinion gears and whether or not the unit is equipped with limited slip.
Examples
T382 = 6.7" Ring Gear @ 3.417:1 ratio, 2 pinions w/o LSD 
F293 = 7.5" Ring Gear @ 4.10:1 ratio, 2 pinions w/ LSD 
F303 = 7.5" Ring Gear @ 3.727:1 ratio, 2 pinions w/ LSD 
 
Differential Codes
First Digit Second/Third Digit Fourth Digit 
Ring Size R&P Ratio Pinions/LSD 
A = 138mm 
B = 145mm 
C = 6.25" 
D = 6.62" 
E = 7.1" 
F = 7.5" 
G = 8" 
H = 9" 
J = 9.25" 
K = 9.5" 
L = 10.5" 
M = 12.5" 
N = 13.5" 
P = 14" 
R = 162mm 
S = 6.38" 
T = 6.7" 
U = 6" 
V = 10.6" 
W = 15.5" 
X = 142mm 
Y = 158mm 
 01 = 3.30 
02 = 3.36 
03 = 3.545 
04 = 3.556 
05 = 3.70 
06 = 3.889 
07 = 3.90 
08 = 4.111 
09 = 4.222 
10 = 4.375 
11 = 4.444 
12 = 4.625 
13 = 4.79 
14 = 4.875 
15 = 5.125 
16 = 5.286 
17 = 5.60 
18 = 5.714 
19 = 5.833 
20 = 6.167 
21 = 6.667 
22 = 6.78 
23 = 6.833 
24 = 7.64 
25 = 4.556 
26 = 5.571 
27 = 3.364 
28 = 4.30 
29 = 4.10 
30 = 3.727 
31 = 3.909 
32 = 6.591 or 5.583 
33 = 7.503 or 5.583 
34 = 6.781 or 4.786 
35 = 7.636 or 5.60 
36 = 4.778 
37 = 3.583 
38 = 3.417 
 2 = 2/no LSD 
3 = 2/LSD 
4 = 4/no LSD 
5 = 4/LSD