Timing covers are like insurance, kind of. They might not be 100% necessary, but you'd definitely wish you had them if something fell in there(like that harness laying just behind the cam gears

). Knowing exactly where the timing marks are for the cams is good, to.
The thermostat controls coolant flow, and thus temperature. It opens at a particular temperature(195 stock, iirc), to let the hot coolant flow out of the motor, and be cooled by the radiator, and lets cooled coolant flow from the radiator to the motor. It also closes at a particular temperature(not sure where that is), to hold coolant in the motor to properly absorb heat before flowing back through the radiator. Sounds like yours is stuck.
Timing can effect temps, but you'd notice other symptoms as well, as it would have to be a good bit off.
Slight stumble if you blip the throttle is a good indicator of being a tooth off. Edit: Damn, beat by both!