Well, unless you have nuts and washers was on the pulley, you can't drive the water pump without the fan installed.
There are other issues with this car, I suspect... rust in the coolant, no fan, wonky temp gauge...things seem quite a bit off.
1- You need clean coolant in the car (no rust at all)
2- You need to bleed that air out of the cooling system. (I already suggested to remove the upper heater core hose to help bleed air when filling) Then just run the engine and rev every once in a while to jar the air out
3- You need need need a cooling fan that works, as well as the drive belt on the water pump pulley (the original clutch fan holds the pump pulley to the pump)
To help you we need to know what you've done to the car, as well as what is and is not attached to the engine. Help us help you!!